![]() ![]() The above example maps naturally onto the left-to-right phrase order used in English. However, in any given language, usually only one handedness for each rule is observed. Because the rules are recursive, there is an infinite number of possible structures that could be generated, including smaller trees that omit optional parts, structures with multiple complements, and additional layers of XPs and X′s of various types.īecause all of the rules allow combination in any order, the left-right position of the branches at any point may be reversed from what is shown in the example. The following diagram illustrates one way the rules might be combined to form a generic XP structure. (a head-first and a head-final example showing one complement) How the rules combine Another kind of X-bar consists of an X (the head of the phrase) and any number of complements (possibly zero), in any order: Not all XPs contain X′s with adjuncts, so this rewrite rule is "optional".ģ. One kind of X-bar consists of an X-bar and an adjunct, in either order: An X Phrase consists of an optional specifier and an X-bar, in any order:Ģ. All three representations are presented below.ġ. These rules can be expressed in English, as immediate dominance rules for natural language (useful for example for programmers in the field of NLP- natural language processing), or visually as parse trees. There are three "syntax assembly" rules which form the basis of X-bar theory. The notation XP stands for X Phrase, and is equivalent to X-bar-bar (X with a double overbar), written X″, usually read aloud as X double bar. In English, however, this is still read as "X bar". Because this is difficult to typeset, this is often written as X′, using the prime symbol. Certain structures are represented by X (an X with an overbar). The term X-bar is derived from the notation representing this new structure. Thus, the X may become an N for noun, a V for verb, an A for adjective, or a P for preposition. The letter X is used to signify an arbitrary lexical category (part of speech) when analyzing a specific utterance, specific categories are assigned. An X-bar theoretic understanding of sentence structure is possible in a constituency-based grammar (= phrase structure grammar) only it is not possible in a dependency-based grammar (= dependency grammar). X-bar theory was first proposed by Noam Chomsky (1970) and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1977). ![]() It claims that among their phrasal categories, all those languages share certain structural similarities, including one known as the "X-bar", which does not appear in traditional phrase structure rules for English or other natural languages. X- bar theory is a component of linguistic theory which attempts to identify syntactic features presumably common to all those human languages that fit in a presupposed (1965) framework. Please help to improve this article to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.įor other "bar" connected with formal languages see Bar (computer science) The notation XP stands for X Phrase, and is equivalent to X-bar-bar, written X″, usually read aloud as X double bar.This article or section reads like a textbook and may need a cleanup. The term X-bar is derived from the notation representing this structure. The letter X is used to signify an arbitrary lexical category when analyzing a specific utterance, specific categories are assigned. An X-bar theoretic understanding of sentence structure is possible in a constituency-based grammar only it is not possible in a dependency-based grammar. X-bar theory was first proposed by Noam Chomsky and further developed by Ray Jackendoff. X-bar theory is a component of linguistic theory which attempts to identify syntactic features presumably common to all those human languages that fit in a presupposed framework. Freebase (3.40 / 5 votes) Rate this definition:
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